@NaiJi
From how I understand them, "refrain" basically has an implied "yourself" in it. You can say "Refrain from doing X", and it's understood that I'm saying you need to stop doing X.
Whereas "restrain" needs that "yourself" to be specified so it can carry the same meaning, so it would be "Restrain yourself from doing X".
Of course, you can also restrain someone else. For instance "Bob restrained Mary" makes sense. While "Bob refrained Mary" not so much.
@NaiJi
you're welcome ![]()