@sjw
What kind of headphones? When you plug in headphones in an Android, it usually uses the mic in the headphones for any audio recording instead of phone mic. So either you were using headphones that weren't made for phones and don't have a mic, or the headphones mic is broken.
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07DL2FPBL
This USB-C DAC:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B09645H3L8
I seem to remember it working before. I guess it just bugged out and thought my headphones had a mic.
I use them for mumble and phone calls all the time. I just put my phone in my shirt pocket so it can pick up my voice.